Kuramo Amateka

Umuhanga mu mibare w’Abagereki Alkutas yigeze gusobanura ihame ryimigozi, imigozi, n’imigozi.Mu kinyejana cya mbere nyuma ya Yesu, isi ya Mediteraneya yatangiye gukoresha imigozi y'ibiti, imigozi, n'imigozi mu mashini, bishobora gukanda amavuta ya elayo muri elayo, cyangwa gukuramo umutobe w'inzabibu kugira ngo ukore vino.Mbere yikinyejana cya cumi na gatanu, wasangaga gake cyane ibyuma, ibyuma, imigozi.
Rybczynski (Rybczynski) yerekanye ko imashini zifata intoki, imashini zabayeho mu myaka yo hagati (mu mwaka wa 1580 nyuma ya Yesu), ariko kugeza mu kinyejana cya cumi n'umunani ni bwo bafatanyaga no gucuruza ibicuruzwa bifatanye kandi bitangira gukoreshwa cyane.

Mbere yo gufatisha imigozi gukoreshwa cyane, hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo gufunga.Ahanini bifitanye isano no gukora ibiti no guhimba, aho gutunganya imashini.Ibitekerezo byakoreshejwe ni nka dowel na pin, wedges, mortises, inuma, imisumari, guhimba no gusudira, nibindi bihujwe hamwe nimpu cyangwa fibre.Mbere y'ikinyejana cya cumi n'icyenda rwagati, ibyuma bya cotter, pin bolts cyangwa imirongo byakoreshwaga mu kubaka ubwato.Muri kiriya gihe, ibifatika nabyo byari bihari, ariko ntabwo byari ubwoko bwinshi nko mubihe bya none.

Mu kinyejana cya cumi n'umunani, hari ibikoresho bya mashini byashoboraga kubyara imashini nini, imigozi.Imiyoboro y'ibyuma, imigozi, n'imigozi byakunze gukoreshwa.Iri koranabuhanga ryatejwe imbere muri 1760 na 1770, rikurikira inzira ebyiri zitandukanye.Inzira, ariko byahujwe vuba: imigozi yimbaho, imigozi, imigozi (ibyuma, ibyuma, imashini zikoreshwa mugutunganya ibiti) bitunganyirizwa hamwe, ibikoresho byimashini zitanga umusaruro mwinshi, hamwe nubunini buke, ibicuruzwa-bicuruzwa V imashini yimashini. , imigozi, imigozi, urashobora guhitamo ibibuga bitandukanye.

Uburyo bwa mbere bwibikorwa byavuzwe haruguru bwatanzwe bwa mbere nabavandimwe Job na William Wyatt wo muri Staffordshire, mubwongereza.Basabye ipatanti mu 1760, ishobora kwitwa screw cyane.Imashini, verisiyo yambere yimashini ya screw, ikoresha icyerekezo cyo kuyobora icyuma gikata kugirango ikore ikibanza gikenewe.Imashini ya screw ikorwa na dosiye izunguruka, kandi spindle yari ihagaze muricyo gihe.Mu 1776 ni bwo bubatse uruganda rwa mbere rukora ibiti, imashini, n’uruganda, hanyuma batangira gukora.Ubucuruzi bwabo bwarananiranye, ariko ibikorwa bya nyirubwite byateye imbere.Mu myaka ya 1780, hasohotse imashini 16,000, imashini, n’imashini, bisaba abakozi 30 gusa.Umusaruro n'umusaruro w'ibi bicuruzwa biva mu nganda nibyo bipimo nganda bigezweho, ariko Byari intambwe ihinduka.

Muri icyo gihe, uwakoze ibikoresho byo mu Bwongereza Jesse Ramsdon (1735–1800) na we yakoraga imirimo yo gupfa no gupfa, maze ahura n'ikibazo cyo guca imigozi, imigozi, guca imigozi.Mu 1777, yahimbye imashini yambere ishimishije.Kuramo umusarani.Injeniyeri w’Ubwongereza Henry Mozley (1771–1831) yari azwi cyane mu kwamamaza ubwo buhanga akoresheje imisarani ye.Imisarani ya screw yakoreshejwe yari imisarani 1797 na 1800, harimo imigozi ya sisitemu, intebe zinyerera, hamwe nibikoresho bihinduka.Ibikoresho bya gare byose ni igipimo gisanzwe cyo gukora inganda.Yahurije hamwe uburyo bwo gukora imashini, imigozi, n’imigozi byakozwe na Whitney Brothers na Ramsdon, kandi akoresha uburyo bwari bumaze gukorwa mu gukora imashini zikoze mu biti, imigozi, n’imigozi kugira ngo akore imashini zikoresha imashini, imashini, n’imigozi, ibyo bikaba byaratumaga ubucuruzi bugurishwa. umusaruro.Isosiyete ye iracyari iyambere mubikoresho byimashini nyuma yimyaka icumi.Injeniyeri wo muri Ecosse, James Nasmith, yavuze nabi ko Mozley "yahimbye" intebe yo kunyerera.Ibi ntabwo byari byo.Mozley yatumye umusarani ukundwa.